The Active Voice
Tenses
|
Tense |
Simple(Indefinite) |
Continuous (Progressive) |
Perfect |
Perfect Continuous |
Present |
1.
(+)
V1 (3л. ед. ч.V1S) (?)
do + V1 (3л. ед. ч. does
+V1) (-)
do not + V1 3л. ед. ч. does not
+V1) |
2.
be +V4
(am, is, are) |
3. have + V3
(3л.
ед. ч. has +
V3) |
4.have been + V4 (3л. ед. ч. has been +
V4) |
Past |
5.
(+)
V2 (?) did +
V1 (-) did not +
V1 |
6. was/were + V4 |
7. had + V3 |
8. had been + V4
|
|
Future |
9. will +
V1 |
10. will be
+V4 |
11. will have + V3 |
12.will have been + V4 |
|
“Future in the Past” |
13. would +
V1 |
14. would be +V4 |
15. would have + V3 |
16.would have been + V4 |
Your
Practice:
Remember the
names of English Tenses of the Verb.
Train yourself to name squares in the table.
1.
Present Simple
Tense
Формула
действия:
(+)V1, (?,-) do +
V1
Характеристика действия: действие совершается в настоящем, регулярно, постоянно, неопределенно длительно.
I am a student. I study at
I have a sister. My sister
goes to school.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I go he goes she goes it goes we go you go they go |
Do I go? Does he go? Does she go? Does it go? Do we go? Do you go? Do they go? |
I do not go he does not go she does not go it does not go we do not go you do not go they do not go |
to be (сильный)
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I am he is she is it is we are you are they are |
Am I
? Is he
? Is she
? Is it
? Are we
? Are you
? Are they ? |
I am not he is not she is not it is not we are not you are not they are not |
Commentaries: Сильный глагол не нуждается в помощи (вспомогательном глаголе) при спряжении.
to have
(вспомогательный)
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I have he has she has it has we have you have they have |
Have I
? Has he
? Has she
? Has it
? Have we
? Have you
? Have they ? |
I have not he has not she has not it has not we have not you have not they have not |
Commentaries: В разговорной речи нельзя использовать подобные грамматические обороты.
to have (GB)
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I have got he has got she has got it has got we have got you have got they have got |
Have I got
? Has he got? Has she got? Has it got? Have we got? Have you got? Have they got? |
I have not got he has not got she has not got it has not got we have not got you have not got they have not got |
to have (the
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I have he has she has it has we have you have they have |
Do I have
? Does he have? Does she have? Does it have? Do we have? Do you have? Do they have? |
I do not have he does not have she does not have it does not have we do not have you do not have they do not have |
Your Practice: В каком из двух изучаемых Вами языков глагол to have является сильным? Обоснуйте ответ.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Формула действия: be + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершается в настоящем:
- сейчас;
- длительно или многократно повторяется;
-
«замороженное» действие.
·
Hallo,
Helen. What are you doing
now?
·
I
am calling you up all day long. And what are you doing?
· I am looking at my aunt’s picture. She is small there. She is playing a ball. What fun!
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I am going he is going she is going it is going we are going you are going they are going |
Am I going
? Is he going? Is she going? Is it going? Are we going? Are you going? Are they going? |
I am not going he is not going she is not going it is not going we are not going you are not going they are not going |
Commentaries: В этом времени не спрягаются глаголы чувств и восприятия: to be (быть, существовать), to have (иметь), to belong to (принадлежать кому-либо), to see (видеть), to hear (слышать), to feel (чувствовать, ощущать), to taste (пробовать на вкус), to smell (нюхать), to love (любить), to like (любить, нравиться), to want (хотеть), to hate (ненавидеть), to adore (обожать, поклоняться), to detest (ненавидеть, питать отвращение), to know (знать), to understand (понимать), to remember (помнить), to forget (забывать), to agree (соглашаться), to believe (верить) и др.
3.
Present Perfect
Tense
Формула
действия:
have +
V3
Характеристика действия:
- действие совершалось и завершилось к настоящему моменту времени;
- действие совершалось и завершилось в прошлом, но для настоящего принципиально важен его результат.
I have finished
school. I have been to
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I have gone he has gone she has gone it has gone we have gone you have gone they have gone |
Have I gone
? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Have we gone? Have you gone? Have they gone? |
I have not gone he has not gone she has not gone it has not gone we have not gone you have not gone they have not gone |
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Формула действия: have been + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось длительно или многократно повторялось и ещё продолжается в
настоящий момент времени.
I have been
learning English for 7 years.
You are late; I
have been waiting for you so long.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I have been going he has been going she has been going it has been going we have been going you have been going they have been going |
Have I been going? Has he been going? Has she been going? Has it been going? Have we been going? Have you been going? Have they been going? |
I have not been
going he has not been going she has not been going it has not been going we have not been going you have not been going they have not been going |
5.
Past
Simple Tense
Формула
действия: (+)
V2
, (?,-) did +
V1
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в прошлом, неопределенно длительно.
I was small. I went
to kindergarten.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I went he went she went it went we went you went they went |
Did I go? Did he go? Did she go? Did it go? Did we go? Did you go? Did they go? |
I did not go he did not go she did not go it did not go we did not go you did not go they did not go |
6.
Past
Continuous Tense
Формула действия: was/were + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в прошлом:
- в конкретный момент или интервал времени;
-
длительно или многократно повторялось.
When my sister
came, I was doing my lessons.
What were you doing last
weekend?
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I was going he was going she was going it was going we were going you were going they were going |
Was I going? Was he going? Was she going? Was it going? Were we going? Were you going? Were they going? |
I was not going he was not going she was not going it was not going we were not going you were not going they were not going |
Commentaries: В этом времени не спрягаются глаголы чувств и восприятия.
7.Past
Perfect Tense
Формула
действия:
had +
V3
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось и завершилось в прошлом к конкретному моменту времени.
I had not studied
English before I entered the University.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I had gone he had gone she had gone it had gone we had gone you had gone they had gone |
Had I gone? Had he gone? Had she gone? Had it gone? Had we gone? Had you gone? Had they gone? |
I had not gone he had not gone she had not gone it had not gone we had not gone you had not gone they had not gone |
8. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Формула действия: had been + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось длительно или многократно повторялось и ещё не завершилось к
определенному моменту времени в прошлом, либо едва завершилось к этому моменту.
I had been learning
English for 2 hours when my friend came.
I was tired then as
I had been learning English for 2 hours.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I had been going he had been going she had been going it had been going we had been going you had been going they had been going |
Had I been going? Had he been going? Had she been going? Had it been going? Had we been going? Had you been going? Had they been going? |
I had not been
going he had not been going she had not been going it had not been going we had not been going you had not been going they had not been going |
9. Future
Simple Tense
Формула
действия:
will +
V1
Характеристика действия: действие будет совершаться в будущем, неопределенно длительно.
I will be a
teacher. I will go to school and teach pupils there.
I will study
English after University.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I will go he will go she will go it will go we will go you will go they will go |
Will I go? Will he go? Will she go? Will it go? Will we go? Will you go? Will they go? |
I will not go he will not go she will not go it will not go we will not go you will not go they will not go |
10. Future
Continuous Tense
Формула действия: will be + V4
Характеристика действия: действие будет совершаться в будущем:
- в конкретный момент или интервал времени;
-
длительно или многократно повторится.
What will you be doing tomorrow at 6 o’clock in the
evening?
I will be cooking
supper.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I will be going he will be going she will be going it will be going we will be going you will be going they will be going |
Will I be going? Will he be going? Will she be going? Will it be going? Will we be going? Will you be going? Will they be going? |
I will not be going he will not be going she will not be going it will not be going we will not be going you will not be going they will not be going |
Commentaries: В этом времени не спрягаются глаголы чувств и восприятия.
11. Future
Perfect Tense
Формула
действия: will have +
V3
Характеристика действия: действие завершится к назначенному сроку в будущем.
I will have
finished the University in five years.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I will have gone he will have gone she will have gone it will have gone we will have gone you will have gone they will have gone |
Will I have gone? Will he have gone? Will she have gone? Will it have gone? Will we have gone? Will you have gone? Will they have gone? |
I will not have gone he will not have gone she will not have gone it will not have gone we will not have gone you will not have gone they will not have gone |
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Формула
действия:
will have been +
V4
Характеристика действия: действие будет совершаться длительно или многократно повторится и едва завершится к
определенному моменту времени в будущем, либо будет ещё совершаться в момент его наступления.
I will have been
waiting for my boyfriend till he returns from the army.
I will have been
learning English for five years till the end of my study at the
University.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I will have been going he will have been going she will have been going it will have been going we will have been going you will have been going they will have been going |
Will I have been going? Will he have been going? Will she have been going? Will it have been going? Will we have been going? Will you have been going? Will they have been
going? |
I will not have been
going he will not have been
going she will not have been
going it will not have been
going we will not have been
going you will not have been
going they will not have been
going |
13. Future Simple
in the Past Tense
Формула действия: would + V1
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в будущем относительно прошедшего, неопределенно длительно.
When I was small I
thought that I would be a teacher.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I would go he would go she would go it would go we would go you would go they would go |
Would I go? Would he go? Would she go? Would it go? Would we go? Would you go? Would they go? |
I would not go he would not go she would not go it would not go we would not go you would not go they would not go |
14.
Future Continuous in the Past Tense
Формула действия: would be + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в будущем относительно прошедшего:
- в конкретный момент или интервал времени;
-
длительно или многократно повторялось.
She said that she
would be working all day.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I would be
going he would be
going she would be
going it would be
going we would be going
you would be going
they would be going |
Would I be
going? Would he be
going? Would she be
going? Would it be
going? Would we be
going? Would you be
going? Would they be going? |
I would not be
going he would not be
going she would not be
going it would not be
going we would not be going
you would not be going
they would not be
going |
Commentaries: В этом времени не спрягаются глаголы чувств и восприятия.
15. Future
Perfect in the Past Tense
Формула действия: would have + V3
Характеристика действия: действие «несбыточной мечты», которое должно было совершиться в будущем
относительно прошедшего к конкретному моменту времени, но не совершилось.
When I was a child
I dreamed I would have been a spaceman.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I would have gone he would have gone she would have gone it would have gone we would have gone you would have gone they would have gone |
Would I have gone? Would he have gone? Would she have gone? Would it have gone? Would we have gone? Would you have gone? Would they have gone? |
I would not have gone he would not have gone she would not have gone it would not have gone we would not have gone you would not have gone they would not have gone |
Если в главном предложении сказуемое – в прошедшем времени, а в придаточном предложении выражаются непреложные намерения в будущем, которые должны осуществиться непременно, то вместо Future Perfect in the Past Tense используют Future Perfect Tense или Future Simple Tense.
The
man said that the next train will come at six o’clock tomorrow
morning.
16. Future
Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense
Формула действия: would have been + V4
Характеристика действия: действие совершалось длительно или многократно повторялось и завершилось к
определенному моменту времени в будущем относительно прошедшего; редко используется в разговорной речи.
to go
|
+ |
? |
- |
|
I would have been going he would have been going she would have been going it would have been going we would have been going you would have been going they would have been
going |
Would I have been going? Would he have been going? Would she have been
going? Would it have been going? Would we have been going? Would you have been
going? Would they have been
going? |
I would not have been
going he would not have been
going she would not have been
going it would not have been
going we would not have been
going you would not have been
going they would not have been
going |
