Passive Voice Tenses

Form Tense	Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous (Progressive)	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	1. be +V₃ (am, is, are)	2. be being +V₃ (am, is, are)	3. have been + V₃ (3 л. ед. ч. has)	4. форма отсутствует
Past	5. was/were + V₃	6. was/were being + V₃	7. had been + V₃	8. форма отсутствует
Future	9. will be + V₃	10. форма отсутствует	11. will have been + V₃	12. форма отсутствует
“Future in the Past”	13. would be + V₃	14. форма отсутствует	15. would have been + V₃	16. форма отсутствует

В страдательном залоге действие совершает не само лицо, а другое лицо, предмет или действующая сила над лицом. При этом источник действия в предложении является не подлежащим, а дополнением, при котором стоят предлоги: by для непосредственно действующего лица, with для предмета, способа, вещества, с помощью которого совершено действие.

The documents are signed by the director.

The documents are signed with a pen.

The documents are signed with ink.

Commentaries:

Страдательный залог является более предпочтительным, чем действительный, в следующих случаях:

· когда действующее лицо неизвестно, не важно или очевидно;

A man has been arrested.

· если основным предметом предложения является не действующее лицо;

The pyramid was built by slaves many centuries ago.

· в официальных текстах, для придания им меньшей личной окраски;

это особенно характерно для научных, технических, академических изданий;

It is claimed that…, it is believed that…, it is agreed that…

· в стандартных выражениях типа:

The hotel is situated by a small lake.

The school is located in the middle of the district.

Your Practice: составьте предложения на русском языке в страдательном залоге, описывающие природные явления или события

текущей недели. Постарайтесь придумать предложения на каждое время в таблице страдательного залога.

1. Present Simple Tense

Формула действия: be + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершается в настоящем, регулярно, постоянно, неопределенно длительно.

The roads are covered with snow in winter.

I am taught English at the University.

to wear

I am worn

he is worn

she is worn

it is worn

we are worn

you are worn

they are worn

Am I worn?

Is he worn?

Is she worn?

Is it worn?

Are we worn?

Are you worn?

Are they worn?

I am not worn

he is not worn

she is not worn

it is not worn

we are not worn

you are not worn

they are not worn

2. Present Continuous Tense

Формула действия: be being + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершается в настоящем:

- сейчас;

- длительно или многократно повторяется;

- «замороженное» действие.

I see that the roads are being covered with snow.

I am being taught English now.

to wear

I am being worn

he is being worn

she is being worn

it is being worn

we are being worn

you are being worn

they are being worn

Am I being worn?

Is he being worn?

Is she being worn?

Is it being worn?

Are we being worn?

Are you being worn?

Are they being worn?

I am not being worn

he is not being worn

she is not being worn

it is not being worn

we are not being worn

you are not being worn

they are not being worn

3. Present Perfect Tense

Формула действия: have been + V₃

Характеристика действия:

- действие совершалось и завершилось к настоящему моменту времени;

- действие совершалось и завершилось в прошлом, но для настоящего принципиально важен его результат.

The roads have been covered with snow in the morning.

I have been taught Active Voice already.

to wear

I have been worn

he has been worn

she has been worn

it has been worn

we have been worn

you have been worn

they have been worn

Have I been worn?

Has he been worn?

Has she been worn?

Has it been worn?

Have we been worn?

Have you been worn?

Have they been worn?

I have not been worn

he has not been worn

she has not been worn

it has not been worn

we have not been worn

you have not been worn

they have not been worn

5. Past Simple Tense

Формула действия: was/were + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в прошлом, неопределенно длительно.

The roads were covered with snow last winter.

to wear

I was worn

he was worn

she was worn

it was worn

we were worn

you were worn

they were worn

Was I worn ?

Was he worn?

Was she worn?

Was it worn?

Were we worn?

Were you worn?

Were they worn?

I was not worn

he was not worn

she was not worn

it was not worn

we were not worn

you were not worn

they were not worn

6. Past Continuous Tense

Формула действия: was/were being + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в прошлом:

- в конкретный момент или интервал времени;

- длительно или многократно повторялось.

I was being taught Active Voice during last September.

to wear

I was being worn

he was being worn

she was being worn

it was being worn

we were being worn

you were being worn

they were being worn

Was I being worn?

Was he being worn?

Was she being worn?

Was it being worn?

Were we being worn?

Were you being worn?

Were they being worn?

I was not being worn

he was not being worn

she was not being worn

it was not being worn

we were not being worn

you were not being worn

they were not being worn

7. Past Perfect Tense

Формула действия: had been + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершалось и завершилось в прошлом к конкретному моменту времени.

The roads had been covered with snow when we came.

to wear

I had been worn

he had been worn

she had been worn

it had been worn

we had been worn

you had been worn

they had been worn

Had I been worn?

Had he been worn?

Had she been worn?

Had it been worn?

Had we been worn?

Had you been worn?

Had they been worn?

I had not been worn

he had not been worn

she had not been worn

it had not been worn

we had not been worn

you had not been worn

they had not been worn

9. Future Simple Tense

Формула действия: will be + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие будет совершаться в будущем, неопределенно длительно.

The roads will be covered with snow next winter.

to wear

I will be worn

he will be worn

she will be worn

it will be worn

we will be worn

you will be worn

they will be worn

Will I be worn?

Will he be worn?

Will she be worn?

Will it be worn?

Will we be worn?

Will you be worn?

Will they be worn?

I will not be worn

he will not be worn

she will not be worn

it will not be worn

we will not be worn

you will not be worn

they will not be worn

11. Future Perfect Tense

Формула действия: will have been + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие завершится к назначенному сроку в будущем.

I will have been taught Passive Voice by the end of the term.

to wear

I will have been worn

he will have been worn

she will have been worn

it will have been worn

we will have been worn

you will have been worn

they will have been worn

Will I have been worn?

Will he have been worn?

Will she have been worn?

Will it have been worn?

Will we have been worn?

Will you have been worn?

Will they have been worn?

I will not have been worn

he will not have been worn

she will not have been worn

it will not have been worn

we will not have been worn

you will not have been worn

they will not have been worn

13. Future Simple in the Past Tense

Формула действия: would be + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие совершалось в будущем относительно прошедшего, неопределенно длительно.

I thought that I would be taught foreign language at the University.

to wear

I would be worn

he would be worn

she would be worn

it would be worn

we would be worn

you would be worn

they would be worn

Would I be worn?

Would he be worn?

Would she be worn?

Would it be worn?

Would we be worn?

Would you be worn?

Would they be worn?

I would not be worn

he would not be worn

she would not be worn

it would not be worn

we would not be worn

you would not be worn

they would not be worn

15. Future Perfect in the Past Tense

Формула действия: would have been + V₃

Характеристика действия: действие «несбыточной мечты», которое должно было совершиться в будущем относительно прошедшего, но не совершилось.

I thought that I would have been studied English at school, but I studied German.

to wear

I would have been worn

he would have been worn

she would have been worn

it would have been worn

we would have been worn

you would have been worn

they would have been worn

Would I have been worn?

Would he have been worn?

Would she have been worn?

Would it have been worn?

Would we have been worn?

Would you have been worn?

Would they have been worn?

I would not have been worn

he would not have been worn

she would not have been worn

it would not have been worn

we would not have been worn

you would not have been worn

they would not have been worn